Sunday, August 5, 2007

Graffiti - A Global Graphic Discipline



Ancient Graffiti
• Perhaps the most famous graffito of the ancient world, The Alexamenos Graffito.

The History of Graffiti
New York Magazine's article on the history of graffiti, with a nice annotated timeline.

Wikipedia offers a nice synopsis of the history of modern graffiti art.

• A UC Berkeley synopsis on the history of graffit.

Seenworld - the website of one of the great/notorious pioneers of early graffiti, "Seen."

Modern Graffiti and Related Disciplines
Graffiti Archaeology - a famous new study of the process of graffiti layering over time.

PureGraffiti.com has an immense archive/gallery of user-submitted photos of graffiti from around the world. You will need to sign-up (make an account) to access this gallery, but signing-up is free and they don't (seem) to send you junkmail/spam.

Graffiti Taxonomy is a nascent project to collect and generate a taxonomy of graffiti "tag" fonts.

Graffiti Creator - a web-based graffiti generator (it's fun).

Downloadable (free!) Graffiti 'Tag' Fonts
• From 1001Fonts.com: Turntablz BB, TagsXtreme v2, TagsXtreme2 v2, Grand Stylus, Bring Tha Noize v2, Degrassi (a 'piece' wildstyle font), Some's Style


Stencil and Sticker Graffiti - The New Trends
• Here are some good photo galleries of stencil graffiti from around the world: Schhh Stencil Gallery, Stencil Revolution, Stencil Pirates.

Shepard Fairey's Obey Giant website.

Kabbalah - The Relationship Between Writing and the Divine


• Hoffman, Edward The Hebrew Alphabet: A Mystical Journey. Chronicle Books, 1998.

• A nice Wikipedia overview of the Kabbalah.

(Recommendations from Dr. Mira Amiras):
•Kaplan, Aryeh, (transl & commentary, bilingual) Sefer Bahir [The Book of Illumination]. Weiser Books, 1989. Amazon.com link

•Kaplan, Aryeh, (transl & commentary, bilingual) Sefer Yetzirah [The Book of Formation] (transl as "The Book of Creation" which is a big problem and a long story). Weiser Books, 1997. Amazon.com link

•Matt, Daniel. (transl & commentary with the help of a committee of kabbalistic scholars) Zohar: The Pritzger Edition.. Stanford University Press, 2003. Amazon.com link.

Any books by the following authors:

Gershom Scholem

Aryeh Kaplan

Moshe Idel

The Early History of the Alphabet and The Semitic Writing System (Super)Family



General Overviews
• Wikipedia has what is probably the best online overview of the history of the Semitic (proto-Sinaitic) Writing System Family - for the majority of writing systems we covered (in class) in this family, this page can direct you to Wikipedia entires on each of the separate writing systems.

• The sites Omniglot.com and AncientScripts.com provide good examples and descriptions of the majority of the writing systems in this superfamily - any of the writing systems I have not included below can be found on these sites and on the Wikipedia 'family tree' of this writing system superfamily.

• Diringer, David The Alphabet: The Key to the History of Mankind. South Asia Books, 1968, 1996. Amazon.com link

• Diringer, David History of the Alphabet. Newbury Books, 1983. Amazon.com link

• An analysis of how phoneticism has shaped culture: Logan, Robert The Alphabet Effect: A Media Ecology Understanding of the Making of Western Civilization. Hampton Press, 1994. Amazon.com link

• Ouaknin, Marc-Alain Mysteries of the Alphabet: The Origins of Writing. Abbeville Press, 1999. *An interesting anaysis/proposal by Ouaknin - he attempts to relate the evolution of Semitic scripts to contextual/historical events; interesting, but not all scholars agree with some of his proposals. Amazon.com link

• Sacks, David Letter Perfect: The Marvelous History of Our Alphabet From A to Z. Broadway Books, 2004. Amazon.com link


Egyptian Hieroglyphic Writing
• An Archaeology.org article on the earliest Egyptian (proto-)writing fround at Abydos (3,400 - 3,200 BC).

• Collier, Mark and Bill Manley How To Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs: A Step-by-Step Guide to Teach Yourself. Univ of California Press, 2003. Amazon.com link

• Gardiner, Sir Alan Henderson Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs. Griffith Institue of Egyptology, 1957. Amazon.com link

• Kamrin, Janice Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs: A Practical Guide. Harry N. Abrams Publ, 2004. Amazon.com link


Wadi el-Hol and Sinaitic Scripts - the Earliest Alphabets (Abjads).
• Kuijt, Ian, Charlotte Whiting, et al. "Results of the 2001 Kerak Plateau Early Bronze Age Survey II: Two Early Alphabetic Inscriptions from the Wadi El-Hol" in The American Schools of Oriental Research Annual 59, 2006. Amazon.com link

• A New York Times online article about the discovery of the Wadi el-Hol script.

• A nice online overview of proto-Siniatic script from AncientScripts.com.

• Wikipedia offers a good overview of the proto-Canaanite alphabet (abjad).


Ancient Semitic Scripts
• A nice online gallery of ancient Semitic inscriptions.

The Brahmi Script Family (from Aramaic to South and Central Asian Scripts)
• An impressive online resource for the Brahmic Family of scripts (South and Central Asia).

• A good online resource/overview of the writing systems and languages of India.

Family Tree (download)
Here's a downloadable 'family tree' of this writing system superfamily - this tree only represents a small fraction of the writing systems that constitute this superfamily. Click on the image to enlarge, then right-click to download.

General Reference

• A great tome/encyclopedia (968 pages) of the world's writing systems, The World's Writing Systems (Peter T. Daniels and William Bright, eds.) is currently on sale [promo code #25961] at Oxford University Press (originally $175.00, now only $49.95) - a must-have for any epigrapher. Recommended by classmate Kenneth Lum (thanks Kenneth!)

• Another great writing systems resource Writing Systems of the World (Language Library) by Florian Coulmas. Blackwell Publishers, 1991. Amazon.com link. Also recommended by Kenneth Lum (thanks again).

• A linguistic approach to writing systems: Writing Systems: An Introduction to Their Linguistic Analysis by Florian Coulmas. Cambridge University Press, 2002. Amazon.com link

• Houston, Stephen The First Writing: Script Invention as History and Process. Cambridge University Press, 2004. Amazon.com link

• Robinson, Andrew The Story of Writing: Alphabets, Hieroglyphs, and Pictograms. Thames and Hudson, 2007. Amazon.com link


Online Resources
• One of the great encyclopedic sites for writing systems (I've utilized many of their graphics): Omniglot.com.

• Another one of the great sites for writing systems (I've utilized many of their graphics also): AncientScripts.com